以最大原子密度定义合金相中的第一近邻团簇

本文提出利用不同壳层所包含的径向原子密度, 即单位体积内的原子个数随着径向的分布, 来方便而精确地定义团簇, 即具有最大径向原子密度的且表面呈现三角密堆结构的完整壳层为第一近邻团簇. 最后以Al-Ni-Zr合金相为例说明了该方法的合理性与适用性, 及此方法所定义的团簇与非晶形成的关系.     

电磁感应双光子带隙的产生和控制

基于电磁感应透明技术, 通过求解原子的密度矩阵方程和电磁场的传输矩阵方程, 研究了被行波场和驻波场共同耦合的一个四能级冷原子介质的稳态光学特性, 发现在特定参数下能够产生一个几乎完美的双光子带隙结构, 在这两个光子带隙对应的频率区域内反射率都均匀地超过95%. 通过改变耦合场的强度和频率, 可以方便地调节这两个光子带隙的位置和宽度. 这一双光子带隙结构可用来实现全光路由和全光开关, 有望在全光信息网络中获得应用.     

飞行时间质谱探测磁光阱中超冷分子离子的实验研究

利用飞行时间质谱探测了由磁光阱中的俘获光和 再泵浦光光缔合作用形成的超冷基态铯分子, 研究了微通道板工作电压、加速电场强度和加速电场持续时间对铯分子离子信号强度的影响. 实验结果与理论模型的拟合一致; 获得了适合实验条件的最优化实验参数, 为进一步研究超冷分子的光缔合光谱和光电离光谱奠定了实验基础.     

用液晶空间光调制器产生光阱阵列

液晶空间光调制器能够方便地用于制作各种衍射型光学元件, 但液晶空间光调制器存在分辨率有限的缺点, 本文提出了用液晶空间光调制器制作相位型光栅, 产生一维和二维光阱阵列的新方案, 用迭代傅里叶级数算法优化设计光栅的相位分布, 在不改变空间光调制器硬件参数设置的情况下, 充分利用和发掘了空间光调制器的优点, 同时又能较好地回避其所存在的缺陷. 根据现有的空间光调制器的技术参数, 模拟仿真设计光栅, 计算光强分布, 结果表明: 用大失谐、小功率激光照明, 能够产生具有很高峰值光强和光强梯度的光阱阵列, 囚禁冷原子的光学偶极势达到mK量级, 对原子的作用力远大于原子的重力.     

Al2O3钝化及其在晶硅太阳电池中的应用

介绍了Al₂O₃的材料性质及其原子层沉积制备方法, 详细阐述了该材料的钝化机制(化学钝化和场效应钝化), 并从薄膜厚度、热稳定性及叠层钝化等角度阐释其优化方案. 概述了Al₂O₃钝化在晶体硅太阳电池中的应用, 主要包括钝化发射极及背面局部扩散电池和钝化发射极及背表面电池. 最后, 对Al₂O₃钝化工艺的未来研究方向和大规模的工业应用进行了展望.     

超冷铷铯极性分子振转光谱的实验研究

利用激光冷却俘获技术在双暗磁光阱中获得高密度的超冷铷原子和铯原子,通过光缔合方法制备超冷铷铯极性分子.采用共振增强双光子电离技术探测基三重态a³∑⁺的铷铯分子,产率约为10⁴/s.通过改变缔合光频率,获得（2）0⁺,（3）0^-,（2）0^-等分子态的高分辨振转光谱,拟合得到相应的转动常数分别为0.00349 cm^-1,0.00649 cm^-1,0.00372 cm^-1.     

Self‐assembly of p‐tert‐butyl thiacalix[4]arenes and metal cations into nanoscale three‐dimensional particles

The shape of supramolecular aggregates based on stereoisomers of p‐tert‐butyl thiacalix[4]arenes functionalized with secondary, tertiary amide and hydrazide groups at the lower rim in cone, partial cone and 1,3‐alternate conformations with several metal cations were investigated by atomic force microscopy. The examined p‐tert‐butyl thiacalix[4]arenes form host–guest complexes; dimers, spherics ellipsoids and elongated nanoscale particles depending on the conformation of macrocycles, the nature of the binding centers and the nature of the metal cation. Only associates formed by p‐tert‐butyl thiacalix[4]arenes with morpholide groups at the lower rim in cone conformation with silver cations exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Atomic Absorption Detector for Chromium Organometallic Compounds Separated by High Speed Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) has been demonstrated to be a metal-specific detector for chromium organometallic compounds separated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Column effluent from the HPLC instrument was fed directly to the aspirator of the atomic absorption instrument set to record absorption due to chromium. Well defined peaks were obtained. In addition to being specific for a given metal, the method is free of some of the constrictions placed upon conventional ultraviolet absorption and refractive index detectors commonly used with HPLC. For example, solvents which absorb strongly in the ultraviolet may be employed and there is no need to use expensive spectroquality solvents. The method promises to be particularly useful for the analysis of specific organometallic compounds found in liquefied coal and shale oil.     

Coprecipitation for the Determination of Copper(II), Zinc(II), and Lead(II) in Seawater by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A TiO(OH)₂ precipitate was used for the preconcentration of copper(II), zinc(II), and lead(II) in seawater prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The influence of pH, sample volume, amount of precipitate, and centrifugation time were optimized for quantitative recoveries of the analytes. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits of copper(II), lead(II), and zinc(II) were 4.3, 9.7, and 9.6 micrograms per liter, respectively. The recoveries of analytes were between 95.00 and 103.00 percent with the relative standard deviation below 6 percent. The procedure was validated by the analysis of NASS-5 and SPS-WW1 Batch 109 standard reference materials and the procedure was successfully applied to seawater.     

Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Platinum Tube Atomizer in Air

Abstract

An electrothermal atomization method of atomic absorption spectrometry using a platinum tube atomizer in air is described. The atomizer consists of 0.025 mm-walled platinum tube and two supports. The remarkable merit of the platinum atomizer is the stability in air, when heated. This paper describes the improved performance for volatile elements like alkalimetals. Detection limits and characteristic mass are calculated for 7 elements and compared with literature values. The platinum atomizer can be used with a simple, effective and relatively low-cost atomic absorption spectrometer for routine in situ analysis.